Left Atrium

ASD - Atrial septal defect

HTN – Hypertension

LAE - Left atrial enlargement

PFO – Patent Foramen Oval

PHT - Pulmonary Hypertension

Mitral Valve

MAC – Mitral Valve Annular calcification

MR - Mitral regurgitation

MS - Mitral Stenosis

MVP - Mitral Valve Prolapse

MVA - Mitral valve area

PHT - Pressure half-time

PISA - Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area

SAM - Systolic anterior motion

Left ventricle

Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis (SAS)
LVE – Left Ventricle Enlargement

IVS - Interventricular septum

IVSd - Interventricular septum end-diastole

IVSs - Interventricular septum end-systole

VSD - Ventricular Septal Defect

LVSF - Left Ventricular Systolic Function

LVDF - Left Ventricular Diastolic Function

LVIDd - Left ventricular internal dimension end-diastole

LVOT - Left ventricular outflow tract

LVPW - Left ventricular posterior wall

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies

ASH - Asymmetric Septal Hypertrophy

AAH - Asymmetric apical Hypertrophy

BSH - Basal Septal Hypertrophy

HOCM - Hypertrophic obstructive

IHSS - Idiopathic Hypertrophic Sub-aortic Stenosis

MSS - Muscular Sub-aortic Stenosis

SAM - Systolic anterior

Wall Motion

Hyperkinetic - Hypokinetic

Akinetic – Dyskinetic - Aneurysmal

LVH - Left ventricular hypertrophy

Concentric / Segmental

TDI - Tissue Doppler Imaging

TVI - Tissue Velocity Imaging

Aortic Valve

AI - Aortic regurgitation

AS - Aortic Stenosis

Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Degenerative/Rheumatic

AVA - Aortic valve area

PHT - Pressure half-time

Aortic Root

Aorta Diseases

Aortic Aneurysms

Aortic Dissection

Sclerosis

Coarction

Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm

Pulmonary Valve

IE - Infective Endocarditis

PDA - Patent Ductus Arteriosus

PR - Pulmonary regurgitation

Right Ventricle

RVE – Right Ventricle Enlargement

RVH - Right ventricular hypertrophy

Concentric / Segmental

VSD - Ventricular Septal Defect

Tricuspid Valve

TR - Tricuspid regurgitation

TS - Tricuspid Stenosis

TVP - Tricuspid Valve Prolapse

Right Atrium

RAS – Right Atrium Systolic Pressure

ASD - Atrial septal defect

RAE – Right Atrial Enlargement

HTN – Hypertension Heart Disease

Systemic - Pulmonary Hypertension

MPAP - Mean pulmonary artery pressure

PFO – Patent Foramen Oval

ASD - Atrial septal defect

IVC - Inferior vena cava

OTHERS Observations

CO - Cardiac output

Pericardial Disease

• Pericarditis

• PE - Pericardial effusion

•  Cardiac Tamponade

• Constrictive Pericarditis

Left Atrial Pressure, Pulmonary Wedge Pressure
Qp/Qs - Pulmonary blood flow - divided by - systemic blood flow
Tetralogy of Fallot

Cardiomyopathies

Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Transposition of Great Arteries

Cardiac Tumors

• Myxoma   - Papillary   - Lipoma

• Lipomatous Septum  - Fibroma

• Rhabdomyoma   - Angiosarcomas

• Sarcomas   - Rhabdomyosarcomas

V1 – PW – or - Peak velocity proximal to the obstruction

V2 – CW – or - Peak velocity distal to the obstruction

 

PISA

Effective Regurgitant Orifice Area

Regurgitant

Volume Cubic Centermiters

(ERO)             (RVCC)

Grade 1 Mild                         < 20                < 30

Grade 2 Moderate                20 – 29          30 – 44

Grade 3 Moderate Severe  30 – 39          45 - 59

Grade 4 Severe                     > 40                > 60

 

Wall Movement Test 
Hyperkenesis > 40% thickening
Hypokenesis < 30% thickening
Akenetic < 10 %
Dyskinetic - Bulging systolic wall thinning with myocardial outward movement

 

Echogenic - Tissue that produces echoes

Hyperechoic - Producing echoes of higher amplitude and/or density than for the surrounding medium.

Hypoechoic - Producing echoes of lower amplitude and/or density than for the surrounding medium.

Sonolucent - No echoes - minimal attenuation (a clear cyst)

Anechoic - Echo free or without echoes. (A clear cyst is anechoic.)

Transonic - No echoes - or echo free

Ultrasound Window - Using part of the existing anatomy to "see through"another part of the anatomy)'.

Shadowing  -  No transmission of sound - sound is reflected where shadow is located.

Enhancement - An increased amplitude of echoes beginning at the posterior wall and proceeding distally. (i.e. tissues posterior to a cyst.)

Display Format - The manner in which information is presented to the

Insonation - The act of exposing a target tissue to ultrasonic energy

 

Lung Interference

Poor Acoustical Window

Amorphous tissue - Tissue lacking echo-producing structures, (acoustical definition}

Noise - A signal conveying unwanted information, often detracting from the intelligibility of other signals.

Artifact - An apparent echo for which distance, direction or amplitude do not correspond to a real interface.

 

Suprasternal window (for imaging the aorta in coarctation

Parasternal - Parasternal Long Axis – or Sagittal or long axis

Parasternal Short Axis or cross section or transverse

Apical

Apical 4 Chamber

Subcostal window

Right parasternal window

 

Semiluner Valves – Aorta & Pulmonary

 Atria Ventricular Vales – Tricuspid & Mitral vales